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In 2008, opposition to a historic civil nuclear agreement with the United States nearly caused Singh's government to fall after Left Front parties withdrew their support. His first ministry executed several key legislations and projects, including the National Rural Health Mission, Unique Identification Authority, Rural Employment Guarantee scheme and Right to Information Act. In 2004, when the Congress-led United Progressive Alliance came to power, its chairperson Sonia Gandhi unexpectedly relinquished the prime ministership to Singh.

Subsequently, Singh was leader of the opposition in the Rajya Sabha (the upper house of the Parliament of India) during the Atal Bihari Vajpayee government of 1998–2004. Although these measures proved successful in averting the crisis, and enhanced Singh's reputation globally as a leading reform-minded economist, the incumbent Congress Party fared poorly in the 1996 general election. Over the next few years, despite strong opposition, he carried out several structural reforms that liberalised India's economy.

Narasimha Rao, inducted the apolitical Singh into his cabinet as finance minister. In 1991, as India faced a severe economic crisis, the newly elected prime minister, P. During the 1970s and 1980s, Singh held several key posts in the Government of India, such as Chief Economic Advisor (1972–1976), governor of the Reserve Bank (1982–1985) and head of the Planning Commission (1985–1987). He subsequently began his bureaucratic career when Lalit Narayan Mishra hired him as an advisor in the Ministry of Commerce and Industry. After obtaining his doctorate in economics from Oxford, Singh worked for the UN during 1966–1969.

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He was also the first prime minister since Jawaharlal Nehru to be re-elected after completing a full five-year term.īorn in Gah, West Punjab, in what is today Pakistan, Singh's family migrated to India during its partition in 1947. A member of the Indian National Congress, Singh was the first Sikh prime minister of India. He is the third longest-serving prime minister after Jawaharlal Nehru and Indira Gandhi.

Manmohan Singh ( Punjabi: ( listen) born 26 September 1932) is an Indian politician, economist, academician and bureaucrat who served as the 13th Prime Minister of India from 2004 to 2014.